Chartered Towns of Brittany

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

Conq

Conq (Concarneau) (Finistère), France

Southampton

Southampton, port on the English Channel (Hampshire) on the south coast of England, lying opposite the Isle of Wight.

London

London, England.

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (d. 1399)

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (1365-1399), sometimes referred to as John V, the Conqueror. Through this marriage he was related to the English royal family. He remained devoted to the English cause. He owed his position to the victory won at Auray in 1364, and to the subsequent treaty of Guérande the following year.

Joan Holland, duchess of Brittany (d. 1384)

Second wife of Jean IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany

Robert Knolles (d. 1407)

Sir Robert Knolles (? - 1407), an English captain who made a considerable reputation for himself at this time. The war made him a great fortune, several large sums from which he bequeathed to charitable and spiritual works. For his life and career; see Michael Jones, 'Knolles , Sir Robert', in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (Oxford: OUP, 2004); online ed., ed. Lawrence Goldman, January 2008, http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/15758

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (d. 1399)

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (1365-1399), sometimes referred to as John V, the Conqueror. Through this marriage he was related to the English royal family. He remained devoted to the English cause. He owed his position to the victory won at Auray in 1364, and to the subsequent treaty of Guérande the following year.

Brittany

The duchy of Brittany, to the northwest of France.

Chartered Towns of Brittany

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (d. 1399)

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (1365-1399), sometimes referred to as John V, the Conqueror. Through this marriage he was related to the English royal family. He remained devoted to the English cause. He owed his position to the victory won at Auray in 1364, and to the subsequent treaty of Guérande the following year.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

The duke of Lancaster and the earl of Cambridge, oncles of King Richard II

The uncles of Richard II of England are John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, and Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

The duke of Lancaster and the earl of Cambridge, oncles of King Richard II

The uncles of Richard II of England are John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, and Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge.

Brittany

The duchy of Brittany, to the northwest of France.

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (d. 1399)

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (1365-1399), sometimes referred to as John V, the Conqueror. Through this marriage he was related to the English royal family. He remained devoted to the English cause. He owed his position to the victory won at Auray in 1364, and to the subsequent treaty of Guérande the following year.

Brittany

The duchy of Brittany, to the northwest of France.

Joan Holland, duchess of Brittany (d. 1384)

Second wife of Jean IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (d. 1399)

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (1365-1399), sometimes referred to as John V, the Conqueror. Through this marriage he was related to the English royal family. He remained devoted to the English cause. He owed his position to the victory won at Auray in 1364, and to the subsequent treaty of Guérande the following year.

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (d. 1399)

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (1365-1399), sometimes referred to as John V, the Conqueror. Through this marriage he was related to the English royal family. He remained devoted to the English cause. He owed his position to the victory won at Auray in 1364, and to the subsequent treaty of Guérande the following year.

Southampton

Southampton, port on the English Channel (Hampshire) on the south coast of England, lying opposite the Isle of Wight.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

The duke of Lancaster and the earl of Cambridge, oncles of King Richard II

The uncles of Richard II of England are John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, and Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge.

Joan of Kent

Joan, countess of Kent, princess of Wales (c. 1328 - 1385), daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, first earl of Kent, and Margaret Wake. She married Edward the Black Prince in 1361 and had her second son, the future king Richard II, with the prince, in 1367.

The duke of Lancaster and the earl of Cambridge, oncles of King Richard II

The uncles of Richard II of England are John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, and Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

English

The people of England; subjects of the English crown; English troops or populations, etc.

Brittany

The duchy of Brittany, to the northwest of France.

English

The people of England; subjects of the English crown; English troops or populations, etc.

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

Robert Knolles (d. 1407)

Sir Robert Knolles (? - 1407), an English captain who made a considerable reputation for himself at this time. The war made him a great fortune, several large sums from which he bequeathed to charitable and spiritual works. For his life and career; see Michael Jones, 'Knolles , Sir Robert', in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (Oxford: OUP, 2004); online ed., ed. Lawrence Goldman, January 2008, http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/15758

Southampton

Southampton, port on the English Channel (Hampshire) on the south coast of England, lying opposite the Isle of Wight.

Port of Guérande

Rennes

Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine), Brittany, France

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (d. 1399)

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (1365-1399), sometimes referred to as John V, the Conqueror. Through this marriage he was related to the English royal family. He remained devoted to the English cause. He owed his position to the victory won at Auray in 1364, and to the subsequent treaty of Guérande the following year.

Rennes

Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine), Brittany, France

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (d. 1399)

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (1365-1399), sometimes referred to as John V, the Conqueror. Through this marriage he was related to the English royal family. He remained devoted to the English cause. He owed his position to the victory won at Auray in 1364, and to the subsequent treaty of Guérande the following year.

Nantes

Nantes (Loire-Atlantique), France.

Bertrand du Guesclin (d. 1380)

Bertrand du Guesclin (c. 1320 - 1380), Breton knight who became constable of France in 1370; one of the greatest war leaders of this period; his career spanned circa forty years. Upon his death in 1380, his monument was placed in the Abbey of Saint Denis, amongst those of the kings of France.

Rennes

Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine), Brittany, France

Brittany

The duchy of Brittany, to the northwest of France.

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (d. 1399)

John IV of Montfort, duke of Brittany (1365-1399), sometimes referred to as John V, the Conqueror. Through this marriage he was related to the English royal family. He remained devoted to the English cause. He owed his position to the victory won at Auray in 1364, and to the subsequent treaty of Guérande the following year.

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

English

The people of England; subjects of the English crown; English troops or populations, etc.

Brittany

The duchy of Brittany, to the northwest of France.

On 13 July 1379 an agreement was made with Jean IV de Montfort, and the duke was promised a force of 2000 men-at-arms and 2000 archers for four and a half months to serve from 1 August; see Saul, Richard II, p. 43; SHF, t. IX, p. lxxxviii (note 3).

The duke of Brittany crossed the Channel with a small escort and landed at St Malo, not at Guérande as Froissart recounts, on 3 August 1379.

Manuscript reading: de

Emended reading: des