John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.
King João I of Portugal (1357 - 1433), the illegitimate son of Pedro I of Portugal and a Galician noblewoman Teresa Lourenço. He was the grandmaster of the Order of Aviz until he became king in 1385 upon the death of his legitimate brother, Fernando I by the cortes at Coïmbra in April. Froissart returns time and again to the notion of the contested or controversial succession of an illegitimate or bastard son. João I reigned until 1433.
King João I of Portugal (1357 - 1433), the illegitimate son of Pedro I of Portugal and a Galician noblewoman Teresa Lourenço. He was the grandmaster of the Order of Aviz until he became king in 1385 upon the death of his legitimate brother, Fernando I by the cortes at Coïmbra in April. Froissart returns time and again to the notion of the contested or controversial succession of an illegitimate or bastard son. João I reigned until 1433.
John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.
John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.
John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.
John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.
King João I of Portugal (1357 - 1433), the illegitimate son of Pedro I of Portugal and a Galician noblewoman Teresa Lourenço. He was the grandmaster of the Order of Aviz until he became king in 1385 upon the death of his legitimate brother, Fernando I by the cortes at Coïmbra in April. Froissart returns time and again to the notion of the contested or controversial succession of an illegitimate or bastard son. João I reigned until 1433.
King João I of Portugal (1357 - 1433), the illegitimate son of Pedro I of Portugal and a Galician noblewoman Teresa Lourenço. He was the grandmaster of the Order of Aviz until he became king in 1385 upon the death of his legitimate brother, Fernando I by the cortes at Coïmbra in April. Froissart returns time and again to the notion of the contested or controversial succession of an illegitimate or bastard son. João I reigned until 1433.
John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.
King João I of Portugal (1357 - 1433), the illegitimate son of Pedro I of Portugal and a Galician noblewoman Teresa Lourenço. He was the grandmaster of the Order of Aviz until he became king in 1385 upon the death of his legitimate brother, Fernando I by the cortes at Coïmbra in April. Froissart returns time and again to the notion of the contested or controversial succession of an illegitimate or bastard son. João I reigned until 1433.
King João I of Portugal (1357 - 1433), the illegitimate son of Pedro I of Portugal and a Galician noblewoman Teresa Lourenço. He was the grandmaster of the Order of Aviz until he became king in 1385 upon the death of his legitimate brother, Fernando I by the cortes at Coïmbra in April. Froissart returns time and again to the notion of the contested or controversial succession of an illegitimate or bastard son. João I reigned until 1433.
Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.
Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.
Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.
John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.
Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.
Froissart reflects here the reality that Juan I of Castile was short of men and money, and was understandably preoccupied with the threat of an allied Anglo-Portuguese invasion army. Charles VI of France had promised a further 2,000 men-at-arms, but during the preparations for the invasion of England, no aid could be spared for the Castilians. In fact, even at the end of 1386, when it became evident that the French fleet would not sail after all, there was still no news that the French government had even begun recruiting these troops; see Russell, English Intervention, p. 447.
ilz avoient; c’estoit asséz. Et remistrent a point les bleciéz,
et fut ce jour Teris de Som main a la barriere traiz d’un vireton tout parmy le bras par telle maniere que il couvint le vireton passer oultre, et fut depuis plus
d’un mois que du bras il ne se pouoit aydier, et le portoit en escharpe en une touaille.
SHF 3-115syncComment le duc de Lan castre et la
duchesce se tenoyent a Saint Jaques en Gallice, qui oyoient
souvent nouvelles du mareschal de l’ostcoment tout le paÿs se rendoit a luy, et aussi
du roy de Portingal, et le roy de Portingal du duc de Lancastre.
Endementres que le mareschal de l’ost au duc de Lancastre
chevauchoit le paÿs de Gallice ainsi comme vous pouéz ouyr compter et que
il faisoit le paÿs tour ner en leur obeyssance devers le duc et la duchesce, et se tenoient le duc, la duches ce et leurs enffans en la ville de Compostel le que on dit de Saint Jaques en Gallice devers
le duc et la duchesce et ouoyent souvent nouvelles du roy de
Portingal et le roy d’eulx, car ilz envoioient toutes les sepmaines et
escripsoient l’un a l’au tre de leur estat et de leurs besoingnes498.
¶ D’autre part aussi le roy Jehan de Castil le se tenoit pour
ces jours ou Val d’Olif, et estoient ses chevaliers de France
deléz luy, aux quelz moult souvent il parloit de ses be soingnes et s’en conseilloit, car tout
ce que les Angloys faisoient, et comment ilz se maintenoient, il sçavoit
bien. Tous les jours en oioit les nouvelles, et lors disoit: "Beaulx seigneurs, je
m’esmerveille de ce que il ne me vient plus grant confort de France pour remedier a mes besoingnes. Car mon paÿs se pert et perdra, qui n’yra
audevant. Les Anglois tiennent les champs, et sy sçay de verité que le
duc de Lancastre et le roy de Por tingal ont esté ensemble, et doit mon adver saire de Portingal avoir a femme par ma
riaige l’une des
filles du duc, car il luy prommis, et si tres tost que il l’aura es pousee vous
verrés ces deux puissances conjoindre ensemble et entrer en mon paÿs. Si me donront trop a faire." Si respondirent les chevaliers de France pour le roy appaisier et conforter: "Ne vous sousciéz de
riens. SesAngloys gain gnent a un léz, ilz perdront de l’autre. Nous sçavons de verité que
le roy de Fran ce a plus de cent mille hommes tous arméz. Est
ores entréz en Angleterre et destruit et conquiert tout le paÿs. Et
quant ce sera accomply et que il ara contourné tellement contre Angleterre et toute mise en subgeccion, que jamaiz ne se relievera. Lors le dit roy de France et sa puissance entreront en leur na vie qui est si grande et si grosse, et ven rons
arriver a La Caloingne sus les temps d’esté, et reconquerront plus en un
moys que vous n’avéz perdu en un an, et sera enclos le duc de Lancastre en
telle maniere que vous l’enverréz fou ir en Portingal. Ainsi auréz vous venge ance de voz annemys. Et soyéz certain que se les besoingnes de France ne feus sent pour le present si grandes, et le voyaige d’Angleterre aussi, vous eussiéz ores trois ou quatre mille lances
des Françoys. Car le roy, ses oncles et leurs consaulx ont tresgrande affeccion en vous aydier et de mettre vostre guerre a chief,
comment qu’il en preigne. Si ne vous chaille se les Anglois tien nent
maintenant les champs et se ilz emprumptent un petit de paÿs a vous. Sachiéz, c’est a
grant dur pour eulx, quar avant qu’il soit la Saint Jehan Baptiste, ilz remettront arrieres499." De telles parol les et de semblables
disoient lors ou Val d’Olif les chevaliers de France au roy de Castillepb 300 r
With this setting, every word becomes a link to the online Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (DMF). Clicking on a word opens a window listing relevant entries on the DMF website.