John de Southeray

Sir John de Southeray (1364/5 - c. 1383) was and illegitimate son of Edward III and Alice Ferrers. Froissart calls him alternatively ‘Soudree’ or ‘Soustree’, and says he was the bastard brother of the king of England, Richard II. Chris Given-Wilson notes that there can be little doubt that Froissart was confused in this matter, and that he is actually referring to his ‘bastard uncle’ John de Southeray. If this is accurate, Froissart is also mistaken in listing him as a participant in Gaunt’s campaign of 1386, as Given-Wilson and Curteis indicate that Southeray died sometime in 1383, making it impossible for him to have taken part in the later expedition to the Iberian Peninsula. He did, however, take part in the Portuguese expedition of 1381-2, in fact he was the leader of the mutiny against Edmund of Langley’s leadership of the campaign.

Bragança

Bragança, Portugal.

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

English

The people of England; subjects of the English crown; English troops or populations, etc.

Bragança

Bragança, Portugal.

Barons of Portugal

France

The kingdom of France, populated up until the Black Death of 1348-9 by 12-16 millions souls and including up to the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Ile-de-France together with the apanages of Normandy, Anjou, Bourbon, Champagne, Valois, Auvergne and Languedoc, plus a number of important fiefs such as the counties of Blois, Nevers and Foix, and (from 1349) Montpellier and the Dauphiné; diminished from 1354 by the growing activity and influence in the Cotentin and other parts of Normandy of the king of Navarre, Charles of Evreux, and by English conquests resulting in an enlarged duchy of Guyenne (essentially Gascony; will become the principality of Aquitaine) stretching from the borders of the great and at times pro-English duchy of Brittany to the Pyrenees (save for the neutral county of Béarn) and eastwards to embrace the Poitou, Limousin and Rouergue (on the border with the Languedoc); Ponthieu and Guines are also in English hands. The French re-conquest under Charles V and Du Guesclin progressively drives the English from the realm, leaving them (by 1370-80) the ports of Calais, Cherbourg, Brest, Bordeaux and Bayonne, and a much-reduced Aquitaine. Brittany returns to French allegiance from 1365 onwards (Treaty of Guérande).

Castile

Barons of Portugal

Oporto

Oporto or Porto, close to the mouth of the river Douro in the northern region of Portugal.

Thomas Percy, earl of Worcester (d. 1403)

Thomas Percy (c. 1343 - 1403), earl of Worcester; younger son of Henry Percy, third Lord Percy, and Mary, daugher of Henry of Lancaster.

Jean d'Auberchicourt

Jean d'Aubrecicourt (or Dabrichecourt), son of Nicolas d'Aubrecicourt and Marguerite de Landas. He was captain of Calais in 1399.

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

Manuscript reading: ne en

Emended reading: en