Riom

France, modern department of Puy-de-Dôme; situated some 34 km to the south-west of Vichy-sur-Allier, at the foot of the Puys d’Auvergne chain of mountains.

Dukes of Berry and Burgundy

See John I, duke of Berry, Philip, duke of Burgundy.

Rouen

Auvergne

France, central region at the heart of the Massif Central covering approximately the modern departments of Cantal, Puy-de-Dôme and (parts of) Haute-Loire; bounded to the north by the duchy of Bourbon, the west by Limousin, the south by Viadene, the south-east by Gévaudan and the south-west by Quercy. Major towns: Clermont, Montferrand and Riom.

River Dordogne

Arnauton, Bourc de Caupenne

Gassie-Arnaut or Arnauton, Bourc de Caupenne (Landes). Captain of a free company and cousin to the Bascot de Mauléon.

Olin Barbe

Olin Barbe, probably a Gascon and the captain of the company.

Armagnacs

Béarn

France, south-west, modern Pyrénées-Atlantiques; from the ninth century a vicomté held of the duchy of Gascony (later Guyenne) and in theory therefore subject to the authority of the kings of England. Largely independent of English influence, even from Edward, prince of Wales and Aquitaine (from 1362), under Gaston III ‘Fébus’, count of Foix and viscount of Béarn (d. 1391).

Foix

France, southern; modern department of Ariège; bounded to the south by the Pyrenees, the west by Comminges, the north by the county of Toulouse and the east by Languedoc (France). Historic county established in 1050; in 1290 count Roger-Bernard III acquired Béarn by marriage, linking the two territories.

France

The kingdom of France, populated up until the Black Death of 1348-9 by 12-16 millions souls and including up to the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Ile-de-France together with the apanages of Normandy, Anjou, Bourbon, Champagne, Valois, Auvergne and Languedoc, plus a number of important fiefs such as the counties of Blois, Nevers and Foix, and (from 1349) Montpellier and the Dauphiné; diminished from 1354 by the growing activity and influence in the Cotentin and other parts of Normandy of the king of Navarre, Charles of Evreux, and by English conquests resulting in an enlarged duchy of Guyenne (essentially Gascony; will become the principality of Aquitaine) stretching from the borders of the great and at times pro-English duchy of Brittany to the Pyrenees (save for the neutral county of Béarn) and eastwards to embrace the Poitou, Limousin and Rouergue (on the border with the Languedoc); Ponthieu and Guines are also in English hands. The French re-conquest under Charles V and Du Guesclin progressively drives the English from the realm, leaving them (by 1370-80) the ports of Calais, Cherbourg, Brest, Bordeaux and Bayonne, and a much-reduced Aquitaine. Brittany returns to French allegiance from 1365 onwards (Treaty of Guérande).

Auvergne

France, central region at the heart of the Massif Central covering approximately the modern departments of Cantal, Puy-de-Dôme and (parts of) Haute-Loire; bounded to the north by the duchy of Bourbon, the west by Limousin, the south by Viadene, the south-east by Gévaudan and the south-west by Quercy. Major towns: Clermont, Montferrand and Riom.

Quercy

France, Aquitanian Basin, modern Midi-Pyrénées region; covering approximately the modern departments of Lot and Tarn-et-Garonne; bounded to the north by Limousin, the west by Périgord and Agenais, the south by Gascony and Languedoc, and to the east by Rouergue and Auvergne; limestone plateaux and deep valleys; upper Quercy extends northwards from the diocesan city of Cahors as far as Souillac, Rocamadour, Martel, Bretenoux and Castelnau; lower Quercy (ceded to the English by the 1259 treaty of Paris) to the south as far as Moissac and Montauban. Held by the English from 1360 (treaty of Brétigny) until late 1369.

Rouergue

France, Midi-Pyrénées; corresponds approximately to the modern department of Aveyron; traversed from east to west by the River Aveyron which flows through Rodez, the major city; bounded to the north by Viadene and Auvergne; the west by the Causses de Gramat and Limogne, and by Quercy; the south by Languedoc and the east by Gévaudan and the Causses du Larzac; to the north-east by the Causse de Sauveterre; (ceded to the English in 1360 under the treaty of Brétigny; held by them until early 1369).

Limousin

France, centre (modern departments of Corrèze, Creuse and Haute-Vienne); bounded to the north-east by La Marche, the east by Auvergne, the north-west by Poitou, the west by Périgord and Angoumois, and the south by Quercy. Principal city: Limoges, many of whose surrounding fortresses (including Chalusset, Rochechouart, Isle, Châlus, etc) were occupied by routier garrisons during the early 1370s.

Lombardy

Manuscript reading: ses

Emended reading: ces

Manuscript reading: tous

Emended reading: tout

Manuscript reading: ses

Emended reading: ces

Manuscript reading: ses

Emended reading: ces