Enguerrand VII de Coucy (d. 1397)

Enguerrand VII de Coucy (1340 - 1397), lord of Coucy, only son and successor of Enguerrand VI de Coucy. Enguerrand VII was considered to be among the most skilled and experienced of French knights in the fourteenth century; he was offered twice the position of constable of France, the highest military office in France, which he refused both times. A master of diplomacy, Coucy managed to maintain both his allegiance to the king of France and to his English father-in-law Edward III during the Hundred Years' War. However, Coucy resigned all of his English honours upon the accession of Richard II on 26 August 1377.

Rheims

Rheims on the river Vesle, France, administrative centre of the Marne canton, was unsuccessfully besieged by Edward III for a month at the end of 1359, as described in Book I of the Chronicles.

Châlons

County of Bar

Lorraine

Austria

Enguerrand VII de Coucy (d. 1397)

Enguerrand VII de Coucy (1340 - 1397), lord of Coucy, only son and successor of Enguerrand VI de Coucy. Enguerrand VII was considered to be among the most skilled and experienced of French knights in the fourteenth century; he was offered twice the position of constable of France, the highest military office in France, which he refused both times. A master of diplomacy, Coucy managed to maintain both his allegiance to the king of France and to his English father-in-law Edward III during the Hundred Years' War. However, Coucy resigned all of his English honours upon the accession of Richard II on 26 August 1377.

Paris

Châlons

County of Bar

Lorraine

Champagne

Paris

Brie

Gâtinois

Gâtinois, a former province of France.

Brie

Gâtinois

Gâtinois, a former province of France.

Robert de Vere, ninth earl of Oxford (d. 1392)

Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford (1362 - 1392), ninth earl of Oxford, marquess of Dublin, duke of Ireland; son of Thomas de Vere, earl of Oxford, and Maud Ufford. Robert de Vere had a great influence on the young Richard II. De Vere was accused of treason along with others in 1388.

France

The kingdom of France, populated up until the Black Death of 1348-9 by 12-16 millions souls and including up to the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Ile-de-France together with the apanages of Normandy, Anjou, Bourbon, Champagne, Valois, Auvergne and Languedoc, plus a number of important fiefs such as the counties of Blois, Nevers and Foix, and (from 1349) Montpellier and the Dauphiné; diminished from 1354 by the growing activity and influence in the Cotentin and other parts of Normandy of the king of Navarre, Charles of Evreux, and by English conquests resulting in an enlarged duchy of Guyenne (essentially Gascony; will become the principality of Aquitaine) stretching from the borders of the great and at times pro-English duchy of Brittany to the Pyrenees (save for the neutral county of Béarn) and eastwards to embrace the Poitou, Limousin and Rouergue (on the border with the Languedoc); Ponthieu and Guines are also in English hands. The French re-conquest under Charles V and Du Guesclin progressively drives the English from the realm, leaving them (by 1370-80) the ports of Calais, Cherbourg, Brest, Bordeaux and Bayonne, and a much-reduced Aquitaine. Brittany returns to French allegiance from 1365 onwards (Treaty of Guérande).

Richard (III) FitzAlan, fourth earl of Arundel (d. 1397)

Richard FitzAlan, fourth earl of Arundel (1346 - 1397), son of Richard FitzAlan, third earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster. In 1386, he was appointed Admiral of England and knighted to the Order of the Garter by Richard II. He was one of the lords Appellant, and was closely allied with the duke of Gloucester. Arundel was arrested for his opposition to Richard II, tried at Westminster and beheaded in 1397.

Pierre le Béarnais, captain of Chalusset

Pierre le Béarnais, alias Perrot de Fontans, notorious routier and captain of the castle of Chalusset located outside the town of La Planche in the Limousin, about 14 km south of Limoges between Pierre-Buffière and Le Vigen and at the confluence of the Briance and Ligoure, modern department of Haute-Vienne.

Richard (III) FitzAlan, fourth earl of Arundel (d. 1397)

Richard FitzAlan, fourth earl of Arundel (1346 - 1397), son of Richard FitzAlan, third earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster. In 1386, he was appointed Admiral of England and knighted to the Order of the Garter by Richard II. He was one of the lords Appellant, and was closely allied with the duke of Gloucester. Arundel was arrested for his opposition to Richard II, tried at Westminster and beheaded in 1397.

Richard (III) FitzAlan, fourth earl of Arundel (d. 1397)

Richard FitzAlan, fourth earl of Arundel (1346 - 1397), son of Richard FitzAlan, third earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster. In 1386, he was appointed Admiral of England and knighted to the Order of the Garter by Richard II. He was one of the lords Appellant, and was closely allied with the duke of Gloucester. Arundel was arrested for his opposition to Richard II, tried at Westminster and beheaded in 1397.

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

Manuscript reading: serfs

Emended reading: cerfs

Manuscript reading: ces

Emended reading: ses