Gaston III ‘Fébus’, count of Foix (d. 1391)

Gaston III, count of Foix, known as Fébus (1331 - 1391), son of Gaston II of Foix and Aliénor de Comminges, whose court the chronicler visited in 1388. Gaston was born in 1331 and succeeded his father in 1343. On 4th August 1348 he married Agnès de Navarre, the daughter of Philippe, count of Évreux and of Jeanne, queen of Navarre, who herself was the daughter of Louis X of France known as the Quarreller, the Headstrong or the Stubborn. Gaston died in 1391. He was the author of a celebrated treatise on hunting entitled Livre de chasse, or the Book of the hunt.

Jeanne of Boulogne, duchess of Berry (d. 1422)

Morlaàs

Morlaàs, today the administrative centre of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques region.

Espan de Lion

Espan de Lion, Froissart's travelling companion, was in the service and household of the count of Foix.

France

The kingdom of France, populated up until the Black Death of 1348-9 by 12-16 millions souls and including up to the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Ile-de-France together with the apanages of Normandy, Anjou, Bourbon, Champagne, Valois, Auvergne and Languedoc, plus a number of important fiefs such as the counties of Blois, Nevers and Foix, and (from 1349) Montpellier and the Dauphiné; diminished from 1354 by the growing activity and influence in the Cotentin and other parts of Normandy of the king of Navarre, Charles of Evreux, and by English conquests resulting in an enlarged duchy of Guyenne (essentially Gascony; will become the principality of Aquitaine) stretching from the borders of the great and at times pro-English duchy of Brittany to the Pyrenees (save for the neutral county of Béarn) and eastwards to embrace the Poitou, Limousin and Rouergue (on the border with the Languedoc); Ponthieu and Guines are also in English hands. The French re-conquest under Charles V and Du Guesclin progressively drives the English from the realm, leaving them (by 1370-80) the ports of Calais, Cherbourg, Brest, Bordeaux and Bayonne, and a much-reduced Aquitaine. Brittany returns to French allegiance from 1365 onwards (Treaty of Guérande).

John, duke of Berry

John duke of Berry (1340 - 1416), third son of king John II of France and Bonne of Luxemburg, brother of king Charles V of France, and uncle of king Charles VI. John married Jeanne d'Armagnac, the daughter of count Jean I and sister of count Jean II. John of Berry, with his brother Philip, duke of Burgundy, were dominant figures in the French kingdom and in French politics during most of Charles VI's reign, first due to the minority of the king, and later because of his insanity.

Jeanne of Boulogne, duchess of Berry (d. 1422)

Louis de Sancerre, marshal of France (d. 1402)

Fuxéens

French

The people of France; subjects of the French crown; French-speaking people; French troops or populations, etc.

Jeanne of Boulogne, duchess of Berry (d. 1422)

John, duke of Berry

John duke of Berry (1340 - 1416), third son of king John II of France and Bonne of Luxemburg, brother of king Charles V of France, and uncle of king Charles VI. John married Jeanne d'Armagnac, the daughter of count Jean I and sister of count Jean II. John of Berry, with his brother Philip, duke of Burgundy, were dominant figures in the French kingdom and in French politics during most of Charles VI's reign, first due to the minority of the king, and later because of his insanity.

Queen of France

Jehan Froissart

Jehan Froissart (?1337- ?1404). Poet and chronicler from Valenciennes in the county of Hainault. Author of four Books of Chroniques, of an Arthurian romance (Meliador), and of a considerable body of lyric and crypto-autobiographical and dream poetry inspired in part by the Roman de la Rose and the works of Guillaume de Machaut.

Gaston III ‘Fébus’, count of Foix (d. 1391)

Gaston III, count of Foix, known as Fébus (1331 - 1391), son of Gaston II of Foix and Aliénor de Comminges, whose court the chronicler visited in 1388. Gaston was born in 1331 and succeeded his father in 1343. On 4th August 1348 he married Agnès de Navarre, the daughter of Philippe, count of Évreux and of Jeanne, queen of Navarre, who herself was the daughter of Louis X of France known as the Quarreller, the Headstrong or the Stubborn. Gaston died in 1391. He was the author of a celebrated treatise on hunting entitled Livre de chasse, or the Book of the hunt.

Jeanne of Boulogne, duchess of Berry (d. 1422)

Avignon

Avignon, on the river Rhône, administrative centre of the Vaucluse département. Seat of the Avignon papacy from 1309 until 1378 and, subsequent to that, seat of the first two 'clementine' popes: Clement VII and Benedict XIII.

Villeneuve-lès-Avignon

Bridge at Avignon

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

Pope’s Palace in Avignon

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

Jeanne of Boulogne, duchess of Berry (d. 1422)

Pope’s Palace in Avignon

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

Jeanne of Boulogne, duchess of Berry (d. 1422)

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

Pope’s Palace in Avignon

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

Orange

Orange

Vienne

Vienne, on the river Rhône, administrative centre of the region, in the département of the Isère.

Lyon

Lyon is situated at the confluence of the river Rhône and river Saône; administrative centre of the département of the Rhône.

Forez

A principality in the Massif Central, bordering Bourbon, with which it was joined from 1372 onwards.

Aigueperse

France, modern department of Puy-de-Dôme; township situated 1.8 km to the south-west of the village and stronghold of Montpensier, and some 15 km to the north-east of Riom.

Riom

France, modern department of Puy-de-Dôme; situated some 34 km to the south-west of Vichy-sur-Allier, at the foot of the Puys d’Auvergne chain of mountains.

John, duke of Berry

John duke of Berry (1340 - 1416), third son of king John II of France and Bonne of Luxemburg, brother of king Charles V of France, and uncle of king Charles VI. John married Jeanne d'Armagnac, the daughter of count Jean I and sister of count Jean II. John of Berry, with his brother Philip, duke of Burgundy, were dominant figures in the French kingdom and in French politics during most of Charles VI's reign, first due to the minority of the king, and later because of his insanity.

Jehan Froissart

Jehan Froissart (?1337- ?1404). Poet and chronicler from Valenciennes in the county of Hainault. Author of four Books of Chroniques, of an Arthurian romance (Meliador), and of a considerable body of lyric and crypto-autobiographical and dream poetry inspired in part by the Roman de la Rose and the works of Guillaume de Machaut.

Manuscript reading: accompagné

Emended reading: accompagnee