Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.
Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.
Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.
Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.
Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.
Bartolomeo Prignano (c. 1318 - 1389) known as 'des Aigles’, Bari and chancellor of the papal curia under Gregory XI; elected pope in April 1378 in Rome, as Urban VI. Died in October 1389.
Bartolomeo Prignano (c. 1318 - 1389) known as 'des Aigles’, Bari and chancellor of the papal curia under Gregory XI; elected pope in April 1378 in Rome, as Urban VI. Died in October 1389.
Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.
Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.
Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.
A historical county in the Low Countries. Froissart originated from this historical region that today is divided between the Belgian province of Hainault and the southern part of the French department of the Nord.
Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.
A historical county in the Low Countries. Froissart originated from this historical region that today is divided between the Belgian province of Hainault and the southern part of the French department of the Nord.
A historical county in the Low Countries. Froissart originated from this historical region that today is divided between the Belgian province of Hainault and the southern part of the French department of the Nord.
Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.
Charles V of France did indeed consult a large assembly of prelates and theologians of the University of Paris, and although this council urged the king to avoid hasty decisions on such a delicate issue, it seems that his mind was already made up and on 16 November 1378 he recognised Clement VII as the 'true' pope; see Autrand, Charles V, pp. 828-35; John Bell Henneman, Olivier de Clisson, p. 82-4. Under extreme pressure from the Crown, the University of Paris formally accepted Clement, but this decision was not unanimous and signalled trouble to come.
The special relationship between France and the Church has long been emphasized. It is based on the consecration of the King (Sacre du Roi) with sacred oil (the chrism), a tradition which was founded on Clovis' conversion and baptism by Remigius (Rémi), bishop of Reims, in 496. According to legend, a white dove descended to the church bearing in its beak a vial of holy oil; when the bishop took the vial, the dove disappeared. Due to this notable miracle, the French kings were henceforth anointed with this sacred oil. For this and other supernatural characteristics attributed to the kings of France and England see Marc Bloch, Les Rois Thaumaturges (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1924); see also Neithard Bulst, Robert Descimon and Alain Guerrau, eds, L'État ou le Roi: Les Fondations de la Modernité Monarchique en France (Paris: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'homme, 1996). This myth of the 'roi très chrétien' was propounded during Charles V's reign by a few intellectuals, friends of the king. According to Autrand, Jean Golein, Raoul de Presles and Evrart de Trémaugon elevated this mystic element of the French kingship to a veritable doctrine; see Autrand, Charles V, p. 834.
The division of Christian Western Europe into two camps was as much a political issue as a religious one, and the two antagonists, England and France, for the most part had their traditional allies follow their lead.
trouvoyent ne rencontroient.
¶ Quant les Rommains se virent en ce party et en ce dangier, si manderent aul tres
souldoiers allemans et lombars qui escarmouschoient tous les jours contre ces Bretons. Clemens
ouvry graces et fist a tous clers qui avoir les vouldrent, et segniffia son nom par tout le monde.
¶ Quant le roy de France qui pour ce temps regnoit en fut certifiéz, si lui vint de premiers
a grant merveille, et manda ses freres et les haulx barons de son royaume et tous les prelas et le
rec teur et tous les maistres docteurs de l’université de Paris et pour savoir a la quelle eslection de
ces deux pappes, ou la premiere ou la derraine, il se tenroit. Ceste chose ne fust pas si tost
determinee, car pluseurs clers varioient, mais finablement tous les prelas de France s’enclinerent
a Clement, et aussi faisoient les freres du roy et la greigneur partie de l’u niversité de Paris. Et fut
au roy Char les de France a ces jours tellement monstréz et enfourméz de tous les plus grans clers
de son royaume que il obeÿ a pappe Clement et le tint a droit et vray pappe, et fist un
commande ment especial par tout son royaume que on tenist Clement a pappe et que tous
obeissent a lui si comme a Dieu en terre.30 ¶ Le roy d’Espaigne31 tint ceste oppi nion, aussi
fist le conte de Savoye, et le sire de Mellans et la royne de Naples. Ce que le roy de France creust
en Cle ment couloura grandement son fait. Car le royaume de France, c’est la fon taine de
crestianté, de excellence et
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