Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.
William Montagu, second earl of Salisbury (d. 1397)
William Montagu (1328 - 1397), second earl of Salisbury, lord of Man and the Isle of Wight; elder son of William Montagu, first earl of Salisbury, and Katherine Montagu.
John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.
Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.
Duchy to the north-west of the Île-de-France, bordered by the Channel; governed by the dauphin Charles, as Lieutenant of Normandy, until his accession to the French throne in 1364.
Louis I of Anjou (1339 - 1384), first count then duke of Anjou, second son of king Jean II of France and Bonne of Luxemburg. He married Marie of Blois, countess of Guise, in 1360. He was appointed duke of Anjou in 1360 and king of Sicily in 1382; died in 1384. He spent several years in the South, but did not enjoy a good reputation in the region.
Bertrand du Guesclin (c. 1320 - 1380), Breton knight who became constable of France in 1370; one of the greatest war leaders of this period; his career spanned circa forty years. Upon his death in 1380, his monument was placed in the Abbey of Saint Denis, amongst those of the kings of France.
France, central region at the heart of the Massif Central covering approximately the modern departments of Cantal, Puy-de-Dôme and (parts of) Haute-Loire; bounded to the north by the duchy of Bourbon, the west by Limousin, the south by Viadene, the south-east by Gévaudan and the south-west by Quercy. Major towns: Clermont, Montferrand and Riom.
France, region in the west bounded by Anjou and Touraine to the north, Berry and Limousin to the east, Angoumois to the south, Aunis, La Rochelle and the Atlantic to the west, and Saintonge to the south-west; ceded to the English crown in 1360 under the Treaty of Brétigny; reconquered by Du Guesclin and granted as an apanage to the duke of Berry in 1372.
France, centre (modern departments of Corrèze, Creuse and Haute-Vienne); bounded to the north-east by La Marche, the east by Auvergne, the north-west by Poitou, the west by Périgord and Angoumois, and the south by Quercy. Principal city: Limoges, many of whose surrounding fortresses (including Chalusset, Rochechouart, Isle, Châlus, etc) were occupied by routier garrisons during the early 1370s.
Languedoc, a former royal province in the southern-most part of France, to the north and north-west of Nîmes (comprising the Gévaudan, Vivarais and Velay). Today, the Languedoc corresponds to the regions of the Haute-Garonne, Aude, Lozère and Haute-Loire.
Louis I of Anjou (1339 - 1384), first count then duke of Anjou, second son of king Jean II of France and Bonne of Luxemburg. He married Marie of Blois, countess of Guise, in 1360. He was appointed duke of Anjou in 1360 and king of Sicily in 1382; died in 1384. He spent several years in the South, but did not enjoy a good reputation in the region.
Bertrand du Guesclin (c. 1320 - 1380), Breton knight who became constable of France in 1370; one of the greatest war leaders of this period; his career spanned circa forty years. Upon his death in 1380, his monument was placed in the Abbey of Saint Denis, amongst those of the kings of France.
Languedoc, a former royal province in the southern-most part of France, to the north and north-west of Nîmes (comprising the Gévaudan, Vivarais and Velay). Today, the Languedoc corresponds to the regions of the Haute-Garonne, Aude, Lozère and Haute-Loire.
Enrique de Trastámara (1334 - 1379), king Enrique II of Castile, the illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile and Eleanor of Guzman, half-brother to Pedro I of Castile. He proclaimed himself king of this realm in 1369 until 1379, taking the title Enrique II.
Sir Matthew Gournay (? - 1406), lord of la Mola; fourth son of Sir Thomas Gournay and Joan Furneaux. He was the marshal of the earl of Cambridge's army in Portugal in 1381.
vent. Et se misent chil doi seigneur en l’armee dou duc de Len clastre et de son frere, le conte de Stambruge. Mais il prisent terre en l’ille de Wisque. Et la sejournerent un grant temps pour aprendre des nouvellez et ou il se trairoient, ou en Bretaigne ou en Normendie. La oirent nouvelles que li armee de France estoit sus mer. Si fut renvoiiésmessires Jehans d’Arondiel atout IIC
hommez d’armes et IIIIC archiers a Hantonne, pour esquieuwer les perils qui leur pooient venir sus mer.
SHF 2-49syncPour le cause
de ce que li rois de France estoit veritablement enfourmés depar les Normans que li Englésestoit trop poissants sur mer. Et ne savoient ou il voloient
traire, avoit il par tout par toutson roiaume fait I especial mandement que cascuns fust
apparilliés, chevaliers et escuiers, montés a cheval et armés de
toutez armes, ensi comme a lui appartenoit, pour venir et aller la ou il les manderoit.
Ossi li dus d’Ango toute celle saison avoit retenu gens d’armes de tous costés sus
l’intencion que de mectre le siege devant Bourdiaux et Blaves. Et avoit sen frere, le duc de Berry, et le connestable de France en se compaignie et toute la fleur de chevalerie de Gascoingne, d’Auvergne, de Poito et de Limosin. Et pour ceste emprise traire a bon chief et pour avoir plus grant quantité
de gens d’armes, par le consentement dou roi de France, sen frere, il avoit
en la Langhedoc queillie une aide si grande et si grosse que elle avoit bien
monté XIIC mil frans. Et ne peut en celle saison li dus d’Ango faire sa
emprise. Car li rois de France remanda le duc de Berri, son frere, et le
table de France, et tous lez
hauls barons dont il pensoit a yestre aidiés et servis. Car bien estoit segneffiés que les Englés estoient sus mer. Mais il ne
sçavoient ou il
voloient traire. Et quoi
que ceste emprise de la Langhedoch se rompesist, les povres gens qui avoient esté traveilliéts de paier le grande somme, je vous sçai bien a dire que il ne reurent mies leurz deniers.
SHF 2-50syncEn ce temps tenoit siege a bien
XXMEspaignolz et Castellans,
li rois Henris de Castille devant le cité de Bayone. Et le assiega tres en yvier. Et y fut toute le saison.
Et y ot faites tant maintes grandes apiertises d’armes par mer et par terre. Car dans
Radigos de Roulz et dans Ferrans de Sebille et Ambroise
Boukenegre, Piere Walesque, et Ambroise de Caletrave estoient a l’ancre devant Bayone a bien IIC vaissiaux. Et donnoient trop a faire a chiaux de Bayone. De laquelle
ville pour le temps estoit gardiens et cappitaine uns
mout vaillanst chevaliers d’Engleterre qui s’appelloit messire Mahieu de Gournay. Li sens et li
proeche de lui reconforta grandement la ville. Et voellent li aucun dire, et le sçai
par chiaux qui dedens furent enclos, que li Espaignol fussent venus a leur entente de Bayone. Mais uns si gransd mortoires se bouta en l’ost que des V en moroient les troix. Et avoit la li rois Henris avoec lui I nigromacien de Toulette, qui disoit que li airs estoit toust envenimés et corrompus. Et que
a ce on ne pooit mettre remede que tous ne fussent en peril de mort. Pour celle doubte
li rois se desloga. Et se deffist li
avoient sus le païs conquis grant fuison de castiaux et de petis fors, si se bouterent ens. Et li rois s’en vint rafreschir a la Quenouille. Et envoia mettre le
siege son connestable devant Panpelune en Navare atout bien
XMEspaignols. En laquelle cité li viscontez de Castielbon et li sires de Lescut et li Bascles
estoient atout IIC lances, qui grandement de la cité songnoient. Et li rois de Navare, qui tout m 3pb 93 v
With this setting, every word becomes a link to the online Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (DMF). Clicking on a word opens a window listing relevant entries on the DMF website.