Romans

Rome

Rome, Italy.

Pope Urban VI (d. 1389)

Bartolomeo Prignano (c. 1318 - 1389) known as 'des Aigles’, Bari and chancellor of the papal curia under Gregory XI; elected pope in April 1378 in Rome, as Urban VI. Died in October 1389.

Tivoli

Tivoli, an ancient Italian town about 30km from Rome, Italy.

The cardinals

Papacy

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

Bishop of Thérouanne

Bishop of Cambrai

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

The cardinals

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

Rome

Rome, Italy.

Sylvestre Budes

Sylvestre or Silvestre Budes (c. 1310 - 1380), a Breton mercenary captain; for his service with Louis of Anjou, Bertrand du Guesclin and Henry of Trastámara. Valois notes that he was the cousin of Bertrand du Guesclin.

Bretons

Florentines

Pope Gregory XI (d. 1378)

Pope Gregory XI was Pierre Roger de Beaufort, a Benedictine, archbishop of Rouen and pope from 1370 to 1378, succeeded pope Urban V; he was the last pope in residence at Avignon before the Great Schism that followed the election of his successor. Froissart is mistaken though. Gaston died in 1381: the pope would have been Clement VII, the first pope from the Clementine party to continue to reside in Avignon.

Sylvestre Budes

Sylvestre or Silvestre Budes (c. 1310 - 1380), a Breton mercenary captain; for his service with Louis of Anjou, Bertrand du Guesclin and Henry of Trastámara. Valois notes that he was the cousin of Bertrand du Guesclin.

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

The cardinals

St Peter’s

The Vatican compound.

Castle Sant’Angelo

Castel Sant’Angelo, Rome, Italy.

Romans

Pope Urban VI (d. 1389)

Bartolomeo Prignano (c. 1318 - 1389) known as 'des Aigles’, Bari and chancellor of the papal curia under Gregory XI; elected pope in April 1378 in Rome, as Urban VI. Died in October 1389.

Tivoli

Tivoli, an ancient Italian town about 30km from Rome, Italy.

The cardinals

Bretons

Romans

Bretons

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

King Charles V of France (d. 1380)

Charles V (1338 - 1380), king of France, the eldest son of king Jean II of France and Bonne of Luxemburg.

Barons of France

Prelates of France

Masters and Doctors of the University of Paris

Prelates of France

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

The brothers of Charles V of France

This refers to the brothers of Charles V of France, and uncles of Charles VI of France; Louis I, duke of Anjou, John, duke of Berry and Philip, duke of Burgundy.

University of Paris

University of Paris, France.

King Charles V of France (d. 1380)

Charles V (1338 - 1380), king of France, the eldest son of king Jean II of France and Bonne of Luxemburg.

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

Papacy

France

The kingdom of France, populated up until the Black Death of 1348-9 by 12-16 millions souls and including up to the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Ile-de-France together with the apanages of Normandy, Anjou, Bourbon, Champagne, Valois, Auvergne and Languedoc, plus a number of important fiefs such as the counties of Blois, Nevers and Foix, and (from 1349) Montpellier and the Dauphiné; diminished from 1354 by the growing activity and influence in the Cotentin and other parts of Normandy of the king of Navarre, Charles of Evreux, and by English conquests resulting in an enlarged duchy of Guyenne (essentially Gascony; will become the principality of Aquitaine) stretching from the borders of the great and at times pro-English duchy of Brittany to the Pyrenees (save for the neutral county of Béarn) and eastwards to embrace the Poitou, Limousin and Rouergue (on the border with the Languedoc); Ponthieu and Guines are also in English hands. The French re-conquest under Charles V and Du Guesclin progressively drives the English from the realm, leaving them (by 1370-80) the ports of Calais, Cherbourg, Brest, Bordeaux and Bayonne, and a much-reduced Aquitaine. Brittany returns to French allegiance from 1365 onwards (Treaty of Guérande).

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

Papacy

King Juan I of Castile (d. 1390)

Juan or John I of Castile (1358 - 1390), son of Henry of Trastámara and Juana Manuel of Castile. He married (1) Eleanor of Aragon, daughter of Pere IV, king of Aragon, in 1375 (2) Beatrice of Portugal, daughter of king Ferdinand I of Portugal. Juan succeeded the throne of Castile in 1379 until 1390, taking the title "Juan I".

Amadeus VI, count of Savoy (d. 1383)

Amadeus or Amédée VI (1334 - 1383) known as le Comte Vert, count of Savoy; son of Aimone, count of Savoy, and Yolande de Montferrat. He married Bonne de Bourbon, the sister-in-law of king Charles V of France. He accompanied the duke of Anjou in Italy. He was one of Froissart’s patrons. Amadeus VI was born in Chambéry and died of the Plague in 1383 during a campaign in Naples. He commanded the fleet that seized Gallipoli in August 1366.

Gian Galeazzo Visconti (d. 1402)

Gian Galeazzo Visconti (1351 - 1402), count of Vertus, duke of Milan; son of Galeazzo II Visconti and Bianca of Savoy. His marriage to the French princess Isabella de Valois brought him the title of count of Vertus with a little fiefdom in Champagne.

Queen Jeanne I of Naples (d. 1382)

Jeanne d’Anjou (1328 - 1382), queen Jeanne I of Naples, daughter of Charles, duke of Calabria, and Marie de Valois. Jeanne inherited from her grandfather, Robert of Naples, and, after contesting his will with the intervention of the pope, was crowned queen of Naples in 1344. She was also countess of Provence, queen consort of Majorca and titular queen of Jerusalem and Sicily. She was married four times: (1) Andrew of Hungary, duke of Calabria; (2) Louis, prince of Taranto; (3) James IV of Majorca; (4) Otto, duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen.

King Charles V of France (d. 1380)

Charles V (1338 - 1380), king of France, the eldest son of king Jean II of France and Bonne of Luxemburg.

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

France

The kingdom of France, populated up until the Black Death of 1348-9 by 12-16 millions souls and including up to the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Ile-de-France together with the apanages of Normandy, Anjou, Bourbon, Champagne, Valois, Auvergne and Languedoc, plus a number of important fiefs such as the counties of Blois, Nevers and Foix, and (from 1349) Montpellier and the Dauphiné; diminished from 1354 by the growing activity and influence in the Cotentin and other parts of Normandy of the king of Navarre, Charles of Evreux, and by English conquests resulting in an enlarged duchy of Guyenne (essentially Gascony; will become the principality of Aquitaine) stretching from the borders of the great and at times pro-English duchy of Brittany to the Pyrenees (save for the neutral county of Béarn) and eastwards to embrace the Poitou, Limousin and Rouergue (on the border with the Languedoc); Ponthieu and Guines are also in English hands. The French re-conquest under Charles V and Du Guesclin progressively drives the English from the realm, leaving them (by 1370-80) the ports of Calais, Cherbourg, Brest, Bordeaux and Bayonne, and a much-reduced Aquitaine. Brittany returns to French allegiance from 1365 onwards (Treaty of Guérande).

King Charles IV of Bohemia (d. 1378)

Charles IV (1316 - 1378), king of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor; son of John the Blind, count of Luxemburg, and Elizabeth I of Bohemia. He married (1) Blanche de Valois, (2) Anna of Bavaria, (3) Anne of Swidnica, (4) Elizabeth of Pomerania.

Prague

Prague, today, capital of the Czech Republic

Germans

Pope Urban VI (d. 1389)

Bartolomeo Prignano (c. 1318 - 1389) known as 'des Aigles’, Bari and chancellor of the papal curia under Gregory XI; elected pope in April 1378 in Rome, as Urban VI. Died in October 1389.

King Charles IV of Bohemia (d. 1378)

Charles IV (1316 - 1378), king of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor; son of John the Blind, count of Luxemburg, and Elizabeth I of Bohemia. He married (1) Blanche de Valois, (2) Anna of Bavaria, (3) Anne of Swidnica, (4) Elizabeth of Pomerania.

Manuscript reading: dessobz

Emended reading: dessoubz