King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

River Thames

The river Thames.

John Newton

Sir John Newton, constable of Rochester.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

River Thames

The river Thames.

Blackheath

Blackheath (London boroughs of Greenwich and Lewisham), England.

River Thames

The river Thames.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

Thomas of Woodstock, earl of Buckingham, duke of Gloucester (d. 1397)

Thomas of Woodstock (1355 - 1397), earl of Buckingham, later the duke of Gloucester; son of king Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. He was uncle to Richard II.

Wales

Wales

Eleanor de Bohun (d. 1399)

Born c. 1365 as the eldest child of Humphrey IX de Bohun, earl of Hereford, Essex and Northampton, and Joan Fitzalan. She married Thomas of Woodstock, from whom she had several children.

Humphrey de Bohun, seventh earl of Hereford, sixth earl of Essex, second earl of Northampton (d. 1373)

London

London, England.

Kent

County of Kent, England.

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (d. 1402)

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

Plymouth

Plymouth, Devon,England.

Portugal

Southampton

Southampton, port on the English Channel (Hampshire) on the south coast of England, lying opposite the Isle of Wight.

Winchester

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

Lammerlaw

Roxburgh

Roxburgh, the destroyed royal burgh on the Scottish borders. Nowadays, the name Roxburgh refers to a small village southwest of the historic Roxburgh.

Scots

Scots

William Douglas, first earl of Douglas (d. 1384)

William Douglas (c. 1330 - 1384), first earl of Douglas; second son of Archibald Douglas and Beatrice Lindsay of Crawford. Douglas married Margaret, sister and heir of Thomas, earl of Mar, about 1357, although Froissart, in Book I, § 354, already refers to her as the countess of Douglas in 1356.

John Dunbar, earl of Moray (d. 1391/2)

John Dunbar (? - 1391/2), earl of Moray; son of Patrick Dunbar and Isabel Randolph.

Robert Sutherland, sixth earl of Sutherland (d. in or before 1427)

Robert Sutherland, sixth earl of Sutherland; son of William Sutherland, fifth earl of Sutherland, and his second wife Joanna Menteith. He married Margaret Stewart.

Thomas Erskine (d. 1403/4)

Sir Thomas Erskine (? - 1403/4), son of sir Robert Erskine and Beatrice Lindsay of Crawford. He married (1) Mary Douglas (2) Janet Barclay.

Scots

Robert II Stuart, king of Scotland (d. 1390)

He was probably born early in 1316 as the son of Walter Stewart, the high Steward of Scotland, and Marjorie Bruce, daughter of king Robert I of Scotland. Robert became heir to his namesake and grandfather, king Robert I Bruce in 1318. However, in 1324 a son was born to Robert I, the future David II. In 1326 Robert was recognised as David’s heir should the latter die without male issue. By this time Robert had inherited the title of steward of Scotland. At the Battle of Neville’s Cross Robert fled the field together with Patrick, earl of March. As King David II was taken prisonner and spent the next eleven years in English captivity, Robert Stuart became the guardian of Scotland until 1357. The relationship between David II and the Steward was poor and there is clear evidence that the Steward deliberately stalled progress towards the payment of the king’s ransom and his release from captivity. Shortly after David’s release in 1357 the Steward was created earl of Strathearn. King David II died without offspring on 22 February 1371 and Robert succeded him to the throne, being crowned on 27 March 1371. He died on 19 April 1390.

Scotland

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

Commons of England

Nobles of England

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

Commons of England

London

London, England.

Manuscript reading: Northombrelande

Emended reading: Northantonne