Pope John XXII

Jacques Duèze (1249 - 1334), pope Jean XXII (1316 - 1334). He was the second pope to rule from Avignon.

King Charles IV of France (d. 1328)

Charles was born at Creil on 18 June 1294 as the third son of King Philip IV of France and Jeanne of Navarre. In January 1308 he was married to Blanche of Burgundy. He was made count of La Marche in 1314. He succeded as king of France and king of Navarre on 3 January 1322, after the death of his elder brother, Philip V, and was crowned on 11 February in Rheims. In May of the same year his marriage was annulled and he then married Marie of Luxemburg on 21 September 1322. She gave birth to a son in March 1324, but the infant died soon after, and Marie survived him only by a few days. Charles married a third time, to Jeanne of Évreux, on 5 July 1324. When he died, on 1 February 1328, he had only one living child, a daugther Marie from his third marriage. The children born out of his first two marriages had died in childhood and so had the first daugther from his third marriage. The queen, Jeanne of Évreux, however, was pregnant when her husband died, and she give birth to a posthumous daughter, called Blanche. He was the last king of France of the direct Capetian line. As Charles died without male offspring, he was succeeded to the throne of France by Philip VI of Valois, the son of his maternal uncle Charles de Valois.

Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)

Isabella of France (1295 - 1358), queen of England, wife of king Edward II; daughter of Philippe IV, king of France, and Jeanne de Champagne, queen of Navarre.

Holy Church

Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)

Isabella of France (1295 - 1358), queen of England, wife of king Edward II; daughter of Philippe IV, king of France, and Jeanne de Champagne, queen of Navarre.

France

The kingdom of France, populated up until the Black Death of 1348-9 by 12-16 millions souls and including up to the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Ile-de-France together with the apanages of Normandy, Anjou, Bourbon, Champagne, Valois, Auvergne and Languedoc, plus a number of important fiefs such as the counties of Blois, Nevers and Foix, and (from 1349) Montpellier and the Dauphiné; diminished from 1354 by the growing activity and influence in the Cotentin and other parts of Normandy of the king of Navarre, Charles of Evreux, and by English conquests resulting in an enlarged duchy of Guyenne (essentially Gascony; will become the principality of Aquitaine) stretching from the borders of the great and at times pro-English duchy of Brittany to the Pyrenees (save for the neutral county of Béarn) and eastwards to embrace the Poitou, Limousin and Rouergue (on the border with the Languedoc); Ponthieu and Guines are also in English hands. The French re-conquest under Charles V and Du Guesclin progressively drives the English from the realm, leaving them (by 1370-80) the ports of Calais, Cherbourg, Brest, Bordeaux and Bayonne, and a much-reduced Aquitaine. Brittany returns to French allegiance from 1365 onwards (Treaty of Guérande).

Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)

Isabella of France (1295 - 1358), queen of England, wife of king Edward II; daughter of Philippe IV, king of France, and Jeanne de Champagne, queen of Navarre.

Paris

King Charles IV of France (d. 1328)

Charles was born at Creil on 18 June 1294 as the third son of King Philip IV of France and Jeanne of Navarre. In January 1308 he was married to Blanche of Burgundy. He was made count of La Marche in 1314. He succeded as king of France and king of Navarre on 3 January 1322, after the death of his elder brother, Philip V, and was crowned on 11 February in Rheims. In May of the same year his marriage was annulled and he then married Marie of Luxemburg on 21 September 1322. She gave birth to a son in March 1324, but the infant died soon after, and Marie survived him only by a few days. Charles married a third time, to Jeanne of Évreux, on 5 July 1324. When he died, on 1 February 1328, he had only one living child, a daugther Marie from his third marriage. The children born out of his first two marriages had died in childhood and so had the first daugther from his third marriage. The queen, Jeanne of Évreux, however, was pregnant when her husband died, and she give birth to a posthumous daughter, called Blanche. He was the last king of France of the direct Capetian line. As Charles died without male offspring, he was succeeded to the throne of France by Philip VI of Valois, the son of his maternal uncle Charles de Valois.

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

Holy Roman Empire of Germany

Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)

Isabella of France (1295 - 1358), queen of England, wife of king Edward II; daughter of Philippe IV, king of France, and Jeanne de Champagne, queen of Navarre.

King Charles IV of France (d. 1328)

Charles was born at Creil on 18 June 1294 as the third son of King Philip IV of France and Jeanne of Navarre. In January 1308 he was married to Blanche of Burgundy. He was made count of La Marche in 1314. He succeded as king of France and king of Navarre on 3 January 1322, after the death of his elder brother, Philip V, and was crowned on 11 February in Rheims. In May of the same year his marriage was annulled and he then married Marie of Luxemburg on 21 September 1322. She gave birth to a son in March 1324, but the infant died soon after, and Marie survived him only by a few days. Charles married a third time, to Jeanne of Évreux, on 5 July 1324. When he died, on 1 February 1328, he had only one living child, a daugther Marie from his third marriage. The children born out of his first two marriages had died in childhood and so had the first daugther from his third marriage. The queen, Jeanne of Évreux, however, was pregnant when her husband died, and she give birth to a posthumous daughter, called Blanche. He was the last king of France of the direct Capetian line. As Charles died without male offspring, he was succeeded to the throne of France by Philip VI of Valois, the son of his maternal uncle Charles de Valois.

French

The people of France; subjects of the French crown; French-speaking people; French troops or populations, etc.

King Charles IV of France (d. 1328)

Charles was born at Creil on 18 June 1294 as the third son of King Philip IV of France and Jeanne of Navarre. In January 1308 he was married to Blanche of Burgundy. He was made count of La Marche in 1314. He succeded as king of France and king of Navarre on 3 January 1322, after the death of his elder brother, Philip V, and was crowned on 11 February in Rheims. In May of the same year his marriage was annulled and he then married Marie of Luxemburg on 21 September 1322. She gave birth to a son in March 1324, but the infant died soon after, and Marie survived him only by a few days. Charles married a third time, to Jeanne of Évreux, on 5 July 1324. When he died, on 1 February 1328, he had only one living child, a daugther Marie from his third marriage. The children born out of his first two marriages had died in childhood and so had the first daugther from his third marriage. The queen, Jeanne of Évreux, however, was pregnant when her husband died, and she give birth to a posthumous daughter, called Blanche. He was the last king of France of the direct Capetian line. As Charles died without male offspring, he was succeeded to the throne of France by Philip VI of Valois, the son of his maternal uncle Charles de Valois.

Robert III of Artois (d. 1342)

Son of Philip of Artois and Blanche of Brittany. He married Jeanne, daughter of Charles I of Valois, half-sister of the French king, Philip VI of Valois. He died on 20 November 1342 at the siege of Vannes. His body was brought to London for burial in the church of the Dominicans.

King Charles IV of France (d. 1328)

Charles was born at Creil on 18 June 1294 as the third son of King Philip IV of France and Jeanne of Navarre. In January 1308 he was married to Blanche of Burgundy. He was made count of La Marche in 1314. He succeded as king of France and king of Navarre on 3 January 1322, after the death of his elder brother, Philip V, and was crowned on 11 February in Rheims. In May of the same year his marriage was annulled and he then married Marie of Luxemburg on 21 September 1322. She gave birth to a son in March 1324, but the infant died soon after, and Marie survived him only by a few days. Charles married a third time, to Jeanne of Évreux, on 5 July 1324. When he died, on 1 February 1328, he had only one living child, a daugther Marie from his third marriage. The children born out of his first two marriages had died in childhood and so had the first daugther from his third marriage. The queen, Jeanne of Évreux, however, was pregnant when her husband died, and she give birth to a posthumous daughter, called Blanche. He was the last king of France of the direct Capetian line. As Charles died without male offspring, he was succeeded to the throne of France by Philip VI of Valois, the son of his maternal uncle Charles de Valois.

Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)

Isabella of France (1295 - 1358), queen of England, wife of king Edward II; daughter of Philippe IV, king of France, and Jeanne de Champagne, queen of Navarre.

Robert III of Artois (d. 1342)

Son of Philip of Artois and Blanche of Brittany. He married Jeanne, daughter of Charles I of Valois, half-sister of the French king, Philip VI of Valois. He died on 20 November 1342 at the siege of Vannes. His body was brought to London for burial in the church of the Dominicans.

King Charles IV of France (d. 1328)

Charles was born at Creil on 18 June 1294 as the third son of King Philip IV of France and Jeanne of Navarre. In January 1308 he was married to Blanche of Burgundy. He was made count of La Marche in 1314. He succeded as king of France and king of Navarre on 3 January 1322, after the death of his elder brother, Philip V, and was crowned on 11 February in Rheims. In May of the same year his marriage was annulled and he then married Marie of Luxemburg on 21 September 1322. She gave birth to a son in March 1324, but the infant died soon after, and Marie survived him only by a few days. Charles married a third time, to Jeanne of Évreux, on 5 July 1324. When he died, on 1 February 1328, he had only one living child, a daugther Marie from his third marriage. The children born out of his first two marriages had died in childhood and so had the first daugther from his third marriage. The queen, Jeanne of Évreux, however, was pregnant when her husband died, and she give birth to a posthumous daughter, called Blanche. He was the last king of France of the direct Capetian line. As Charles died without male offspring, he was succeeded to the throne of France by Philip VI of Valois, the son of his maternal uncle Charles de Valois.

King Charles IV of France (d. 1328)

Charles was born at Creil on 18 June 1294 as the third son of King Philip IV of France and Jeanne of Navarre. In January 1308 he was married to Blanche of Burgundy. He was made count of La Marche in 1314. He succeded as king of France and king of Navarre on 3 January 1322, after the death of his elder brother, Philip V, and was crowned on 11 February in Rheims. In May of the same year his marriage was annulled and he then married Marie of Luxemburg on 21 September 1322. She gave birth to a son in March 1324, but the infant died soon after, and Marie survived him only by a few days. Charles married a third time, to Jeanne of Évreux, on 5 July 1324. When he died, on 1 February 1328, he had only one living child, a daugther Marie from his third marriage. The children born out of his first two marriages had died in childhood and so had the first daugther from his third marriage. The queen, Jeanne of Évreux, however, was pregnant when her husband died, and she give birth to a posthumous daughter, called Blanche. He was the last king of France of the direct Capetian line. As Charles died without male offspring, he was succeeded to the throne of France by Philip VI of Valois, the son of his maternal uncle Charles de Valois.

France

The kingdom of France, populated up until the Black Death of 1348-9 by 12-16 millions souls and including up to the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Ile-de-France together with the apanages of Normandy, Anjou, Bourbon, Champagne, Valois, Auvergne and Languedoc, plus a number of important fiefs such as the counties of Blois, Nevers and Foix, and (from 1349) Montpellier and the Dauphiné; diminished from 1354 by the growing activity and influence in the Cotentin and other parts of Normandy of the king of Navarre, Charles of Evreux, and by English conquests resulting in an enlarged duchy of Guyenne (essentially Gascony; will become the principality of Aquitaine) stretching from the borders of the great and at times pro-English duchy of Brittany to the Pyrenees (save for the neutral county of Béarn) and eastwards to embrace the Poitou, Limousin and Rouergue (on the border with the Languedoc); Ponthieu and Guines are also in English hands. The French re-conquest under Charles V and Du Guesclin progressively drives the English from the realm, leaving them (by 1370-80) the ports of Calais, Cherbourg, Brest, Bordeaux and Bayonne, and a much-reduced Aquitaine. Brittany returns to French allegiance from 1365 onwards (Treaty of Guérande).

France

The kingdom of France, populated up until the Black Death of 1348-9 by 12-16 millions souls and including up to the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Ile-de-France together with the apanages of Normandy, Anjou, Bourbon, Champagne, Valois, Auvergne and Languedoc, plus a number of important fiefs such as the counties of Blois, Nevers and Foix, and (from 1349) Montpellier and the Dauphiné; diminished from 1354 by the growing activity and influence in the Cotentin and other parts of Normandy of the king of Navarre, Charles of Evreux, and by English conquests resulting in an enlarged duchy of Guyenne (essentially Gascony; will become the principality of Aquitaine) stretching from the borders of the great and at times pro-English duchy of Brittany to the Pyrenees (save for the neutral county of Béarn) and eastwards to embrace the Poitou, Limousin and Rouergue (on the border with the Languedoc); Ponthieu and Guines are also in English hands. The French re-conquest under Charles V and Du Guesclin progressively drives the English from the realm, leaving them (by 1370-80) the ports of Calais, Cherbourg, Brest, Bordeaux and Bayonne, and a much-reduced Aquitaine. Brittany returns to French allegiance from 1365 onwards (Treaty of Guérande).

King Charles IV of France (d. 1328)

Charles was born at Creil on 18 June 1294 as the third son of King Philip IV of France and Jeanne of Navarre. In January 1308 he was married to Blanche of Burgundy. He was made count of La Marche in 1314. He succeded as king of France and king of Navarre on 3 January 1322, after the death of his elder brother, Philip V, and was crowned on 11 February in Rheims. In May of the same year his marriage was annulled and he then married Marie of Luxemburg on 21 September 1322. She gave birth to a son in March 1324, but the infant died soon after, and Marie survived him only by a few days. Charles married a third time, to Jeanne of Évreux, on 5 July 1324. When he died, on 1 February 1328, he had only one living child, a daugther Marie from his third marriage. The children born out of his first two marriages had died in childhood and so had the first daugther from his third marriage. The queen, Jeanne of Évreux, however, was pregnant when her husband died, and she give birth to a posthumous daughter, called Blanche. He was the last king of France of the direct Capetian line. As Charles died without male offspring, he was succeeded to the throne of France by Philip VI of Valois, the son of his maternal uncle Charles de Valois.

Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)

Isabella of France (1295 - 1358), queen of England, wife of king Edward II; daughter of Philippe IV, king of France, and Jeanne de Champagne, queen of Navarre.

King Edward III of England (d. 1377)

Edward III (1312 - 1377), king of England; son of king Edward II of England and Isabella of France.

Edmund of Woodstock, first earl of Kent (d. 1330)

Edmund of Woodstock (1301 - 1330), first earl of Kent; son of king Edward I and his second wife Margaret of France. He was the younger of the two half-brothers of king Edward II.

Roger (V) Mortimer, first earl of March (d. 1330)

Roger V Mortimer (1287 - 1330), first earl of March; son and heir of Edmund de Mortimer, lord of Wigmore, and Margaret de Fiennes.

King Edward II of England (d. 1327)

Edward II (1284 - 1327), king of England, lord of Ireland and duke of Aquitaine. He was the youngest son of king Edward I of England and his first wife Eleanor of Castile. He married Isabella of France.

Hugh Despenser the Younger

Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)

Isabella of France (1295 - 1358), queen of England, wife of king Edward II; daughter of Philippe IV, king of France, and Jeanne de Champagne, queen of Navarre.

Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)

Isabella of France (1295 - 1358), queen of England, wife of king Edward II; daughter of Philippe IV, king of France, and Jeanne de Champagne, queen of Navarre.

Robert III of Artois (d. 1342)

Son of Philip of Artois and Blanche of Brittany. He married Jeanne, daughter of Charles I of Valois, half-sister of the French king, Philip VI of Valois. He died on 20 November 1342 at the siege of Vannes. His body was brought to London for burial in the church of the Dominicans.

Robert III of Artois (d. 1342)

Son of Philip of Artois and Blanche of Brittany. He married Jeanne, daughter of Charles I of Valois, half-sister of the French king, Philip VI of Valois. He died on 20 November 1342 at the siege of Vannes. His body was brought to London for burial in the church of the Dominicans.

France

The kingdom of France, populated up until the Black Death of 1348-9 by 12-16 millions souls and including up to the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Ile-de-France together with the apanages of Normandy, Anjou, Bourbon, Champagne, Valois, Auvergne and Languedoc, plus a number of important fiefs such as the counties of Blois, Nevers and Foix, and (from 1349) Montpellier and the Dauphiné; diminished from 1354 by the growing activity and influence in the Cotentin and other parts of Normandy of the king of Navarre, Charles of Evreux, and by English conquests resulting in an enlarged duchy of Guyenne (essentially Gascony; will become the principality of Aquitaine) stretching from the borders of the great and at times pro-English duchy of Brittany to the Pyrenees (save for the neutral county of Béarn) and eastwards to embrace the Poitou, Limousin and Rouergue (on the border with the Languedoc); Ponthieu and Guines are also in English hands. The French re-conquest under Charles V and Du Guesclin progressively drives the English from the realm, leaving them (by 1370-80) the ports of Calais, Cherbourg, Brest, Bordeaux and Bayonne, and a much-reduced Aquitaine. Brittany returns to French allegiance from 1365 onwards (Treaty of Guérande).

Holy Roman Empire of Germany

William I (III) of Hainault, count of Hainault, Holland and Zeeland (d. 1337)

William I (III) (b. 1286, d. 1337), son of John II, count of Hainault, and Philippine de Luxemburg. He married Jeanne de Valois. Philippa of Hainault, the wife of king Edward III of England, was one of their daughters.

John of Hainault, lord of Beaumont (d. 1356)

John of Hainault (c. 1288 - 1356), lord of Beaumont. He was the second son of John II of Avesnes, count of Hainault and Holland, and Philippine of Luxemburg. He married Marguerite of Nesle, countess of Soissons. They only had one daughter, Jeanne, who was married to Louis I of Châtillon, count of Blois. Jeanne died before her father, and it was her sons who inherited the various lordships held by John of Hainault.

Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)

Isabella of France (1295 - 1358), queen of England, wife of king Edward II; daughter of Philippe IV, king of France, and Jeanne de Champagne, queen of Navarre.

Robert III of Artois (d. 1342)

Son of Philip of Artois and Blanche of Brittany. He married Jeanne, daughter of Charles I of Valois, half-sister of the French king, Philip VI of Valois. He died on 20 November 1342 at the siege of Vannes. His body was brought to London for burial in the church of the Dominicans.

Paris

King Edward III of England (d. 1377)

Edward III (1312 - 1377), king of England; son of king Edward II of England and Isabella of France.

Edmund of Woodstock, first earl of Kent (d. 1330)

Edmund of Woodstock (1301 - 1330), first earl of Kent; son of king Edward I and his second wife Margaret of France. He was the younger of the two half-brothers of king Edward II.

Hainault

A historical county in the Low Countries. Froissart originated from this historical region that today is divided between the Belgian province of Hainault and the southern part of the French department of the Nord.

Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)

Isabella of France (1295 - 1358), queen of England, wife of king Edward II; daughter of Philippe IV, king of France, and Jeanne de Champagne, queen of Navarre.

Cambrésis

Holy Roman Empire of Germany

Cambrésis

Ostrevant

Border region between France and the German Empire. To its east is Hainault, to its south the Cambrésis, to its west Artois and to its north Flanders. Its borders are the rivers Scarpe, Sensée and Scheldt. Since 1290 Ostrevant was held in fief from the French king by the count of Hainault, although the precise identification of what this fief included often led to disagreements.

Hainault

A historical county in the Low Countries. Froissart originated from this historical region that today is divided between the Belgian province of Hainault and the southern part of the French department of the Nord.

Bugnicourt

Nicholas d'Auberchicourt

Nicholas d'Aubrecicourt, esquire of Edward III, a knight of Hainault; constable of Nottingham Castle and keeper of Sherwood Forest; he was one of the founding members of the Order of the Garter (1348).

Nicholas d'Auberchicourt

Nicholas d'Aubrecicourt, esquire of Edward III, a knight of Hainault; constable of Nottingham Castle and keeper of Sherwood Forest; he was one of the founding members of the Order of the Garter (1348).

Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)

Isabella of France (1295 - 1358), queen of England, wife of king Edward II; daughter of Philippe IV, king of France, and Jeanne de Champagne, queen of Navarre.

King Edward III of England (d. 1377)

Edward III (1312 - 1377), king of England; son of king Edward II of England and Isabella of France.

Nicholas d'Auberchicourt

Nicholas d'Aubrecicourt, esquire of Edward III, a knight of Hainault; constable of Nottingham Castle and keeper of Sherwood Forest; he was one of the founding members of the Order of the Garter (1348).

Manuscript reading: Coment

Emended reading: Comment