Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (d. 1402)

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.

Portugal

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

Scots

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

Portugal

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

Przemyslaw Noszak, duke of Teschen

Przemyslaw Noszak, duke of Teschen (? - 1400).

Pietro Pileo da Prata, archbishop of Ravenna

Pietro Pileo da Prata (c. 1330 - 1400), archbishop of Ravenna. He was one of pope Urban VI's closest advisors and an experienced diplomat.

Wenceslas I, duke of Luxemburg and Brabant (d. 1383)

Wenceslas I of Luxemburg (133? - 1383), duke of Luxemburg and Brabant, as a consort to Joanna, duchess of Brabant. Son of John 'the Blind', king of Bohemia, and Beatrix of Bourbon. He became the duke of Brabant through his wife Jeanne, who inherited the duchy of Brabant after her father's death in 1355. He was one of Froissart's patrons. He contributed to Froissart's Meliador through his lyric poetry, inserted at intervals throughout this long Arthurian romance. He died in 1383.

Anne of Bohemia

Anne, daughter of Charles IV of Bohemia, was married to Richard II in 1382. She died at Sheen in 1394.

Adam Houghton, bishop of St David's

Adam Houghton, bishop of Saint David's.

Simon Burley

Sir Simon Burley (? - executed in 1388), tutor, chamberlain and favourite of Richard II who also had great influence on the king; he was executed by the order of the Merciless Parliament in 1388.

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

Portugal

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (d. 1402)

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (d. 1402)

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

Portugal

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (d. 1402)

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.

Scotland

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

Scotland

London

London, England.

Henry Percy, first earl of Northumberland (d. 1408)

Henry Percy (1341 - 1408), first earl of Northumberland; elder son of Henry Percy, third Lord Percy of Alnwick, and his first wife Mary, daughter of Henry of Lancaster.

Henry Percy, first earl of Northumberland (d. 1408)

Henry Percy (1341 - 1408), first earl of Northumberland; elder son of Henry Percy, third Lord Percy of Alnwick, and his first wife Mary, daughter of Henry of Lancaster.

Northumberland

Diocese of Durham

Wales

Wales

River Severn

River Severn, the longest river in Great Britain at 220 miles.

London

London, England.

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

Thomas of Woodstock, earl of Buckingham, duke of Gloucester (d. 1397)

Thomas of Woodstock (1355 - 1397), earl of Buckingham, later the duke of Gloucester; son of king Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. He was uncle to Richard II.

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (d. 1402)

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.

Berkshire

Berkshire, England.

Isabel of Castile, countess of Cambridge, duchess of York (d. 1392)

Isabella of Castile (c. 1355 - 1392), countess of Cambridge, duchess of York; daughter of king Pedro 'the Cruel' of Castile and Maria de Padilla. She married Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge, later duke of York, in 1372.

Edward of Norwich, second duke of York (d. 1415)

Called ‘Jean’ by Froissart but in fact named Edward. Edward of Norwich (1373 - 1415); killed at Agincourt), son of Edmund of Langley and his first, wife Isabella of Castile, cousin and courtier of Richard II. He inherited his father’s titles earl of Cambridge and duke of York, and he was also bestowed with the title of duke of Aumale by Richard II in 1397. He married Philippa of Mohun but they had no children.

Portugal

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (d. 1402)

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.

Matthew Gournay

Sir Matthew Gournay (? - 1406), lord of la Mola; fourth son of Sir Thomas Gournay and Joan Furneaux. He was the marshal of the earl of Cambridge's army in Portugal in 1381.

Thierry de Robersart (the Canon)

Thierry de Robersart (the Canon), subordinate commander in Cambridge's expedition who had originally come from Hainault in queen Philippa's service.

Jean de Castelnau

Jean de Castelnau; Froissart indicates that he is the brother of Raymond Bernard de Castelnau, lord of Castelnau.

William Beauchamp (d. 1411)

Sir William Beauchamp (1344 - 1411), son of Thomas Beauchamp, eleventh earl of Warwick, and Katherine de Mortimer. He inherited the holdings of John Hastings, and became the first baron Abergavenny. He served as constable in the earl of Cambridge's army in Portugal in 1381-2, and was a chamberlain of the king's household.

Soudan de la Trau

The soudan de la Trau, a Gascon lord, subordinate commander in the earl of Cambridge's host in Portugal in 1381.

Jean de la Barthe, lord of Aure

Jean de la Barthe (? - 1398), lord of Aure.

Gilbert Talbot, third lord Talbot (d. 1387)

Sir Gilbert Talbot (c.1332 - 1387), third lord Talbot; son of Richard Talbot, second lord Talbot, and Elizabeth Comyn. He died of pestilence in Spain during John of Gaunt's expedition to Castile.

William Elmham (d. 1403)

Sir William Elmham (? - 1403), lord of Walsham; an experienced English captain and campaigner. He took part in the war in Flanders in 1383.

Thomas Simon

Sir Thomas Simon

Miles Windsor (d. 1387)

Miles Windsor (c. 1354 - 1387), son of James Windsor and Elizabeth Streech. He was not the son of Sir William Windsor, Edward III's lieutenant in Ireland, as he died without an heir (although his wife Alice Perrers, Edward's mistress, bore three illegitimate children, possibly to the king) and his inheritance went to his nephew John Windsor. Moreover Miles' father James could not have been William's full brother, either, as in that case Miles would have inherited from William Windsor.

John Cavendish

Sir John Cavendish (c. 1346 - 1381), eldest son of Robert de Gernon. Cavendish was actually in England during the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, and was killed during the uprising, therefore he could have not taken part in Cambridge's expedition to Castile in 1381.